보통선반, 수직 밀링머신 등 범용 공작기계를 이용하여 작업자의 핸들링에 의해 공작기계를 운전하여 부품을 생산하던 시절을 뒤로 하고 현재는 대부분의 소규모 공장에서 조차 CNC 공작기계를 사용하여 부품을 생산하고 있다. CNC 공작기계는

대량생산에서뿐만 아니라 다품종 소량생산에서도 리드타임 감소와 생산성 향상에 기여하고 있는 실정이어서 많은 제조업체에서 필수적인 공작기계로 그 인식이 일반화되었다. 또 공장자동화 시스템을 갖춘 제조업체에서도 CNC 공작기계를 기본 공작기계로 인식하고 있는 실정이다.

CNC 공작기계의 운전은 NC 프로그램 작성을 기본으로 각종 스위치와 버튼 등의 조작방법을 숙지해야 가능하다. 그 첫 번째 기본이 되는 것이 바로 NC 프로그램의 이해이다. 이 책은 NC 프로그램의 학습을 위한 각종 코드의 개념 설명과 예제를 다

수 수록하여 초보자의 이해를 쉽도록 하였으며, 후반부에는 응용예제를 수록하여 실제 가공에 응용할 수 있도록 하였다.

현재 CNC 공작기계 운전과 관련한 기능사, (산업)기사, 기능장 등 각종 국가기술자격 실기시험은 컴퓨터를 활용한 CNC 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 수험생 본인이 작성한 NC 프로그램의 이상 유무를 감독관에게 먼저 검증을 받은 후 실제 CNC 공작기

계를 운전하여 실기시험을 치르도록 되어 있다. 따라서 이 책은 이와 같은 실기시험에서 운용되고 있는 CNC 시뮬레이터인 V-CNC에 대한 설명과 따라하기를 수록하여 수험자에게도 도움이 될 수 있도록 하였다.

CHAPTER01. CNC 공작기계 / 1

1.1 CNC의 개요 ······················································································ 1

1.2 CNC 공작기계의 제어 기능 ····························································· 6

1.3 서보 기구 ·························································································· 7

1.4 CNC 공작기계와 자동화 ·································································· 8

CHAPTER 02. CNC 가공 일반 / 11

2.1 좌표계 ································································································ 11

CHAPTER 03. CNC 선반 / 13

3.1 CNC 선반의 개요 ············································································· 13

3.2 CNC 선반 장치 ················································································· 14

3.3 CNC 선반 작업 ················································································· 18

3.4 CNC 선반의 사양 ············································································· 21

3.5 절삭 공구 선정 ················································································· 22

3.6 절삭 조건의 선정 ············································································· 26

CHAPTER 04. CNC 선반 프로그램 기초 / 29

4.1 프로그램의 구성 ··············································································· 29

4.2 좌푯값 지령 방식 ············································································· 32

4.3 공작물의 지름 지령 방식 ································································· 34

4.4 어드레스의 기능과 지령 범위 ························································· 35

4.5 G-코드(주기능) ················································································· 36

CHAPTER 05. CNC 선반 프로그래밍 / 39

5.1 보간 기능 ·························································································· 39

5.2 이송 기능 ·························································································· 63

5.3 주축 기능 ·························································································· 66

5.4 원점(Reference point) ······································································ 68

5.5 좌표계 설정(Coordinate system setting) ········································ 72

5.6 단위계의 변환 ··················································································· 75

5.7 공구 기능 ·························································································· 76

5.8 단일형 고정 사이클(G90, G92, G94) ············································· 86

5.9 복합형 고정 사이클(G70, G71, G72, G73, G74, G75, G76) ··· 100

5.10 금지 영역 ······················································································ 129

5.11 측정 기능 ······················································································ 130

5.12 대향 공구대 좌표계(G68, G69) ·················································· 133

5.13 보조 기능(M 기능) ······································································· 135

CHAPTER 06. CNC 프로그래밍 응용 예제 연습 / 137

CHAPTER 07. 머시닝 센터 / 163

7.1 머시닝 센터의 개요 ········································································ 163

7.2 머시닝 센터의 종류 ········································································ 164

7.3 머시닝 센터의 사양 및 공구 ························································· 166

CHAPTER 08. 머시닝 센터 프로그램 기초 / 171

8.1 프로그램의 구성 ············································································· 171

8.2 좌푯값 지령 방식 ··········································································· 173

8.3 어드레스의 기능과 지령 범위 ······················································· 175

8.4 G-코드(주기능) ··············································································· 176

CHAPTER 09. 머시닝 센터 프로그래밍 / 181

9.1 보간 기능 ························································································ 181

9.2 이송 기능 ························································································ 199

9.3 주축 기능 ························································································ 206

9.4 원점(Reference point) ···································································· 208

9.5 좌표계 설정(Coordinate system setting) ······································ 213

9.6 공구 기능 ························································································ 218

9.7 고정 사이클 기능 ··········································································· 233

9.8 고정 사이클의 종류 ········································································ 237

9.9 평면 선택 기능 ··············································································· 263

9.10 금지 영역 ······················································································ 263

9.11 측정 기능 ······················································································ 266

9.12 기타 기능 ······················································································ 268

9.13 보조 기능(M 기능) ······································································· 277

CHAPTER 10. 머시닝 센터 응용 예제 연습 / 281

CHAPTER 11. CNC 시뮬레이터(GV-CNC) 활용 / 309

11.1 시뮬레이터 환경 ··········································································· 309

11.2 CNC 선반 가공 프로그램 검증 따라하기 ·································· 316

11.3 머시닝 센터 가공 프로그램 검증 따라하기 ······························· 331

CHAPTER 12. CNC 선반과 머시닝 센터 조작 / 349

12.1 주조작 패널의 주요 기능 ···························································· 349

12.2 CNC 선반 조작 ············································································ 359

12.3 머시닝 센터 조작 ········································································· 371