우리가 살고 있는 지구는 물질적으로 닫힌계이다. 즉, 우리가 사용하는 모든 물질은 지구로부터 얻으며 지구가 존재하는 한 이 물질들의 양은 한정되어 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 산업의 발달과 함께 사람들은 자동차, 비행기, 컴퓨터, 인공위성, 플라스틱 등 많은 발명품들을 만들어 생활을 편리하고 윤택하게 추구하면서 한정된 자원과 에너지를 과다하게 사용하고 있다. 과도하게 사용된 화석연료로 인해 이산화탄소를 포함한 여러 종류의 폐기물들은 증가되었고 환경오염과 기후위기를 유발시켜 전 지구적 생태계가 위태로운 상황에 처하게 되었다.

우리는 지속가능한 미래를 위해 환경파괴를 최소화하면서 깨끗하고 재생 가능한 에너지원을 찾아야 하는 요구에 직면하게 되었고, 에너지전환을 더 이상 미룰 수 없게 되었다. 에너지에 의존할 수밖에 없는 우리의 삶에서 에너지에 대해 올바르게 인식하고, 지속가능한 지구를 후대에 물려주기 위해 우리의 행동을 변화시킬 때이다.

교육은 인간을 변화시키며, 사실에 대한 새로운 시각과 인식을 심어준다. 이러한 의미에서 에너지교육은 에너지문제와 위기를 극복할 수 있는 의미 있는 대안 중 하나라 생각된다. 이에 에너지에 대한 올바른 인식과 이해를 높이고, 행동의 변화를 통하여 지속가능한 미래를 위해 노력하고자 2015년 에너지교육교재를 집필하여 발간하게 되었으나 아쉬운 점이 많았다.

따라서 그사이 새로운 기술개발이나 에너지전환을 통해 탄소중립 목표를 달성해야만 하는 시대의 변화에 맞추어 「생활과 그린에너지」 개정판을 발간하게 되었다. 이번 개정판은 일부 자료를 최신자료로 바꾸었으며, 이 교재가 대학 교양수준의 에너지교육에 밑거름이 되기를 기대한다.

01 에너지란

에너지에 의존하는 우리의 생활 ·········································································· 1

우리나라의 에너지소비 ························································································· 4

우리나라 에너지정책의 흐름 ················································································ 6

에너지란 무엇인가? ··························································································· 10

에너지자원의 분류 ····························································································· 13

02 녹색성장

녹색성장이란? ···································································································· 16

미래의 경제성장 동력원으로 녹색성장의 등장 ················································· 18

녹색성장의 핵심기술 ·························································································· 21

새로운 일자리를 창출하는 녹색산업 ································································· 26

녹색성장을 위한 주요 국가의 추진전략 ··························································· 28

03 화석에너지

석탄 ····················································································································· 30

석유 ····················································································································· 36

천연가스 ············································································································· 41

불타는 얼음, 가스 하이드레이트 ······································································· 46

에너지시장의 대세 셰일가스 ············································································· 48

04 원자력에너지

원자력은 인류에게 축복일까? ··········································································· 50

원자력으로 만든 전기 ························································································ 51

원전 연료의 방사능은 사람에게 안전한 것일까? ············································· 54

방사성폐기물의 분류 ·························································································· 57

방사성폐기물을 어떻게 처리하고 있을까? ························································ 58

원자력발전의 종류 ····························································································· 61

왜 원자력발전소를 포기하지 못할까? ······························································· 63

원전사고가 우리에게 남겨준 교훈 ···································································· 65

원자력은 녹색성장의 길에 함께할 수 있을까? ················································ 67

05 에너지와 환경

오염되고 있는 공기 ··························································································· 70

오염되는 흙과 물 ······························································································· 73

점점 더워지는 지구, 기후재앙이 시작되었나? ················································· 74

원자력발전을 바라보는 우리의 시각 ································································· 77

지속가능한 지구를 위해 신재생에너지는 해결방안이 될 수 있을까? ············· 80

06 태양열에너지

지구에너지의 근원 태양 ···················································································· 82

자연채광을 활용한 난방 ···················································································· 84

태양열을 효율적으로 사용하는 시스템 ····························································· 86

태양열에너지의 효율적 활용 ············································································· 89

07 태양광 발전

태양 빛으로 만드는 전기 ·················································································· 96

태양전지 ············································································································· 98

태양광 발전시스템 유형 ·················································································· 103

태양광 발전의 국내⋅외 동향 ········································································· 107

08 풍력에너지

바람이 가지고 있는 에너지 ············································································· 113

바람이 만드는 전기 ························································································· 116

풍력발전기의 종류 ··························································································· 117

풍력발전의 경제성 ··························································································· 120

떠오르는 해상풍력 ··························································································· 121

해상풍력의 지속가능성 ···················································································· 124

09 수력에너지

물이 가지고 있는 에너지 ················································································ 126

수력발전 시스템 ······························································································· 128

수력발전의 분류 ······························································································· 129

수력발전의 특징 ······························································································· 132

환경친화적인 소수력발전으로 ·········································································· 134

10 바이오에너지

생물체에 들어있는 태양에너지 ········································································ 138

바이오매스의 분류 ··························································································· 139

바이오매스로 만드는 에너지 ··········································································· 140

새롭게 주목받고 있는 해양 바이오매스 ························································· 149

바이오에너지와 지속가능성 ············································································· 151

11 폐기물의 화려한 변신

폐기물로 에너지 만들기 ·················································································· 153

폐기물이란 ········································································································ 154

폐기물을 고형연료로 ························································································ 156

소각으로 만드는 폐열 ······················································································ 158

가연성폐기물을 합성가스로 ············································································· 160

친환경화력발전소나 소각시설을 내 집 주변에? ············································ 162

12 해양에너지

바다가 우리에게 주는 자원 ············································································· 163

밀물과 썰물로 얻어지는 바다에너지 ······························································· 165

시화호 조력발전소 ··························································································· 167

조력발전의 국내⋅외 동향 ·············································································· 170

밀물과 썰물의 흐름으로 얻어지는 바다에너지 ··············································· 172

파도에서 얻어지는 바다에너지 ········································································ 174

해수 온도차로 얻어지는 바다에너지 ······························································· 175

13 지열에너지

땅이 가지고 있는 에너지 ················································································ 178

온천, 지역난방 및 냉난방에 이용되는 지열-직접이용 방식 ························· 180

지열로 만드는 전기-간접이용 방식 ································································ 184

지열에너지의 지속가능성 ················································································· 189

14 연료전지와 수소에너지

수소경제사회로 가려면 ···················································································· 191

연료전지 ··········································································································· 193

연료전지로 만드는 전기 ·················································································· 194

연료전지의 특징 ······························································································· 196

연료전지의 종류 ······························································································· 197

수소에너지 ········································································································ 201

15 인간동력 에너지

인간의 활동으로 얻는 에너지 ········································································· 207

자전거 발전장치로 얻는 전기 ········································································· 209

압전소자로 얻는 전기(발전신발과 자가발전운동장) ······································· 210

인간동력 에너지의 기술 ·················································································· 212